1. Pronoun
They are broadly divided into first-person, second-person, and third-person pronouns.
First person: Pronouns like I and me are generally used in modern times and even now.
postmark- A common first-person pronoun used by a person of lower status to refer to themselves in the presence of a person of higher status. However, high-ranking officials do not use the word "soin" to refer to royalty. A variant of this is "sseone," a shortened form of "soinne," primarily used by commoners and slaves.
girlOur ancestors insisted on distinguishing between men and women. It's the same concept as "dwarf" or "little man," but it's a word used by women. It's primarily used by single women, but married women also use it to flirt. Daughters also use the word "girl" to refer to themselves to their parents.
element- A word a son uses to refer to himself to his parents.god- As you can guess from Admiral Yi Sun-sin's eternally famous line, "I still have twelve ships left," this is what a subject uses to refer to himself to the king. Earlier, I said that a nobleman with a government post doesn't call himself a lowly person to the king, but a nobleman with a government post uses this pronoun to refer to the king.
Shincheop- A term used by queens and concubines to refer to themselves when speaking to a higher-ranking member of the royal family. A girl can also politely say "okay."
Jim, the widow- "Jim" is a word used by the emperor (since Joseon is a major power, there's almost a 100% chance that it's the Ming emperor) to refer to himself. Even if a king were to utter the word "Jim," he would be immediately deposed by the Ming Dynasty. That's why kings use the word "gwain." Since our ancestors considered humility a virtue, the word "gwain" means "an unvirtuous person."
Main palace- A term mostly used by concubines of Bin or higher rank. It's used when speaking to someone lower than oneself. It can be used not only by concubines, but also by anyone with their own palace, such as crown princes or princesses. It's just not used. Frankly, for a crown prince to speak in the same manner as a concubine would be quite embarrassing for the Joseon royal family.
2nd person: Pronouns like you are the same as in modern times.
you-Honestly, this is a pronoun that I wish would just stop. It's a respectful way of addressing someone of similar status or inferiority. Therefore, if a court lady calls the crown prince "you" or "you" or something, she will be immediately beheaded. Of course, a slave can't call a nobleman "you" either. He could end up in this world just because he's been fooled. It's rare for a nobleman to call a slave "you" or for a crown prince to call a court lady "you".
kyung- A phrase used by a king to his subjects. Therefore, only the monarch of a country can use it. The crown prince is also permitted to use it.you- A word that conveys respect, but is still used between close friends. It's used for someone of similar status. It's not just used by men. The queen could ask her concubine, "What do you want to do?" or something like that.
3rd person:
He, this, that- A word referring to that person, this person, or that person. Also used when a wife refers to her husband. Excluding royalty.
That tooth, this tooth, that tooth-The word "chi" is a derogatory term for a person, like the word "jangsa" (a merchant). It is used to derogatorily address the person preceding "geui," "i," or "jeoi." The fact that adding just a few more words like this would make it much more complete.
Your Majesty, your lordI think you've probably heard it a lot. It's a title for government officials, with "daegam" being the higher rank and "yeonggam" being the lower rank. Well, I don't think "yeonggam" is often used because of its connotation. Anyway, in the late Joseon Dynasty, everyone was called "daegam."
Your Majesty, Your MajestyThe latter is the correct expression, but the former is also acceptable. It's a title used by everyone above one's rank, excluding royalty. This strongly suggests that it's a term used by commoners of lower social status. In aristocratic households, wives would also address their husbands this way.lady-People think it's a title only for women, but in fact, it can be used by both genders. A superior or a person of higher status is called "Ma'am." Examples include "Jumin Madam," "Daegam Madam," "Jeongja Madam (=Dolyeon-nim), and "Byeoldang Madam."
2. How to call royalty
The most important thing is royalty. Why? Because the odds of getting your head blown off are ten times higher for speaking informally to royalty than to a nobleman. Yes, speaking informally to royalty is 100% fatal. First, let's learn how to address the king.
King: Your Majesty, Your Majesty, Your Highness, Your Majesty, King
Sanggammama is a title that only refers to the king. Even if it's the queen, you call someone who isn't the current king Sanggammama? You'll die immediately. Mama is a slightly shorter version. But Mama isn't used with just anyone. It really isn't used with just anyone. There'll be a more detailed explanation later. In fact, I'll talk about this later, but the court lady is called Mama 'nim'. His Highness can also use it with the Crown Prince. You can think of the Crown Prince of an empire and the King of a kingdom as being of the same level. The King is a somewhat vulgar word. It's used by commoners and slaves. The King might seem a bit dangerous, but officials and noblemen can add an honorific title to the King and say, "Your Majesty~" or something like that. It's not like commoners can't use it at all.
Queen: Queen Mama, Mama, Queen
The queen refers to the king's first wife who performed the wedding ceremony. Therefore, simply referring to the queen as "queen" can be a bit misleading. This is because if the queen is interpreted as "the king's wife," then concubines are also queens. In any case, using "mama" is the same as using the title "king." Also, just like the title "king," you can address the queen with an honorific title, such as "Your Majesty~." If you do not want to add an honorific title, the speaker must be the king. Ex) "Although I did not want to, I have never regretted taking the queen as my wife."
Crown Prince: Crown Prince, Your Highness, Crown Princess, Your Majesty
The crown prince, who dominates the world of historical romance, is one of the two major genres. A crown prince is a prince who is destined to inherit the throne. Therefore, he must be addressed with the highest honorifics, no less than the king and queen. Since he was handed down by the king, the crown prince is addressed with the title "Your Highness" (Jeongha), which is one level lower. Furthermore, since the palace where the crown prince resides is the East Palace, it is also called "Donggungmama" (Donggungmama). Of course, the king and queen, the crown prince's parents, are also referred to as "Ceja" (Ceja) or "Donggung" (Donggung). However, the concubines are of lower status than the crown prince, so they must be addressed with respect as "Your Highness the Crown Prince" (Jeongha) and "Donggungmama" (Donggungmama). As with the king and queen, "Your Highness the Crown Prince~" is okay.
Crown Princess: Crown Princess Mama, Concubine Mama, Mama
The Crown Princess is the Crown Prince's legal wife. Therefore, the most common way to address her is by adding "Mama" after the Crown Princess. She is also referred to as "Bingung" or "Bingung Mama." Of course, this is only a title used by those of lower status than the Crown Princess, while the Crown Prince, King, and Queen are usually referred to as "Bingung." The Crown Princess can also be addressed as "Cejabin-nim~" ("Your Highness the Crown Princess~").
Grand Prince: Grand Prince Ja-ga, (Name) Grand Prince
Honestly, I think I've seen a lot of fanfiction articles featuring the Grand Prince. A Grand Prince is a son of a king who has been granted the title of Grand Prince. Subordinates respectfully address him as "Daegun Ja Ja" and their families refer to him by name or as "Hyung" or "Orabeoni". However, children born to concubines cannot dare to call a Grand Prince by his name. In the Joseon Dynasty, discrimination between legitimate and illegitimate children was severe, so children born to concubines had to address a Grand Prince as "Daegun Ja Ja" and be respectful. Also, as in the example above,(Name) Prince/Prince~” is also acceptable. The title ‘Ja-ga’ is a bit unfamiliar.While "Daegun Mama" is a more familiar term, this is said to be a historical error (see Lee Jae-nan-go). Furthermore, starting with the reign of King Sejong, the names given to grand princes and counties were based on place names from around the country, such as "Suyang" Grand Prince (Suyang is a nickname for Haeju), "Geumseong" Grand Prince, etc.
Princess: Princess Jagga, Princess (Name)
For those who dream of a Cinderella story where a lowly slave meets a nobleman and rises in status, a princess is also one of the unpopular roles. A princess is the king's daughter, and is referred to as "Jagaga" after the title, while the king and queen call her "(name) princess." If the prince and other male brothers are older than the princess, they simply call her by her name, and if she is younger, they call her "Noona" with respect. It's not a gangster. It's "Noona" + "Nim". Ex) "Noona said she's worried about your father's health."
Army: (Name) Army, Army Self
A prince is a person who has not been granted the title of Grand Prince. He can be thought of as a son born to a concubine. This is because even a moderately corrupt person would be granted the title of Grand Prince if he were the son of a queen. In fact, I have never seen a novel in which a prince appears. Perhaps it is because he has less merit compared to a crown prince or grand prince. The (name) before a prince is also a place name. Since there is no accurate information about a prince, it is assumed that a title similar to grand prince was used.
Princess: Princess Ja-ga, Princess (name)
A princess is the daughter of a concubine. Similar to a princess, she was called "Princess Mama" and people who can use specific titles are also similar to princesses.
(+About Jagwa and Mama
The title "Jaga" might sound unfamiliar, and in dramas and novels, they're all called "Mama," so "Mama" might be more convenient than "Jaga." However, "Mama" isn't a title given to just anyone, even if they're truly royal. Only the "highest-ranking" royals, such as the King, Queen, King Former, Queen Dowager, Crown Prince, and Crown Princess, who were directly connected to the royal family, could use the title "Mama." In other words, using the title "Mama" to a Grand Prince, Prince, Princess, or Ongju would be considered treason.
(++About the name Manora
Yes? Wife? You can, but originally, Manora was used as an honorific title on par with Mama, regardless of gender. From the king to his concubines, anyone could be called Manora. It changed during the reign of King Gojong and took on its modern meaning.)
Besides that, there's the Daewongun (the king's father who never ascended to the throne), the Queen Dowager, His Royal Highness the King, and so on, so I don't think a historical drama with such a large family scale would come out of a fanfiction board. What I'm saying is, ask in the comments or search for it yourself.
3. How to Call a Yangban Before Entering
Since the yangban are part of the ruling class, it is difficult to call them by their titles carelessly. Even if they are a female slave who is favored by the master, if you do not address them properly, they can be kicked out and even treated like a straw mat. For the yangban, official positions are very important. This is because, in a yangban family with above-average conscience and above-average wealth, unless you are a complete idiot (or a once-in-a-century genius), you will pass the civil service examination and hold an official position, high or low, by the age of 17 to 20.Official positions were not hereditary. Instead of waiting for their father to hand them over like a crown prince, they had to rise through the ranks and take their place.Even if the father was Prime Minister, he wasn't the son. Therefore, before moving on to Titles 2, let's briefly review the official positions of Joseon.
Yes. There are a lot of them, right? So here are the photos. If you keep in mind that ‘Jeong’ is higher than ‘Jong’, and that the three Prime Minister, Left State Councillor, and Right State Councillor were referred to as ‘Prime Minister’, then you can just say goodbye to the guide to historical drama speech - titles part 1.See you in Part 2 sometime (maybe a year later)
Bye!